Double Taxation

Arbitration, Arm's Length, BEPS, Double Taxation, International Tax Law, MAPs and APAs, Norway, OECD, OECD MC Convention, Permanent Establishments, Tax Treaties, Transfer Pricing, UN Tax Convention, United Nations

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /Leave a comment

Transfer pricing adjustments under Article 9 of the model treaties are the most common form of dispute that is dealt with under the mutual agreement procedure. It is for this reason that the OECD gathers and publishes statistical data on such cases separate from all other kinds of tax treaty disputes. Recourse to MAP to…

Arm's Length, Company, Developing Countries, Direct taxation, Double Taxation, Finland, income tax, India, International Tax Law, MNE Profits, MNEs, OECD, OECD MC Convention, Permanent Establishments, South Africa, Tax Treaties, Transfer Pricing, UAE, UN Tax Convention, Uncategorized, United Kingdom, United Nations, United States

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /1 Comment

“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, ” it means just what I choose it to mean, neither more nor less.” (Lewis Carroll, Alice through the Looking Glass) Prior to the OECD’s 10 year project on attribution of profits to permanent establishments, there were very few reported cases on…

Double Taxation, G20, Global minimum tax, GloBE Rules, OECD, UTPR

(Amsterdam Centre for Tax Law (ACTL) of the University of Amsterdam; Chiomenti)/ /1 Comment

Within hours of his appointment, Donald Trump issued a memorandum in which he rejects the Global Tax Deal conceived by the OECD/G20. The new US president stresses that it has “no force or effect within the United States”  without an act by the Congress adopting the relevant provisions of the agreement. The memo is bluntly…

Canada, Direct taxation, Double Taxation, Individuals, International Tax Law, MAPs and APAs, OECD, OECD MC Convention, Personal income tax, Tax Treaties, UN Tax Convention, Unitary Taxation, United States

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /Leave a comment

Art 23 of the OECD and UN Model treaties are seldom exactly followed in state treaty practice. More often, the basic principles of relief by credit or exemption in arts 23A and B are tailored to meet specific requirements of contracting states.  The United States is a case in point. Since it taxes its citizens…

Abuse of law, Abuse of rights, Anti-tax avoidance, Beneficial ownership, Canada, Corporate income tax, Direct taxation, Dividends, Double Taxation, income tax, International Tax Law, Loans, OECD MC Convention, Tax Avoidance, Tax haven, Tax Planning, Tax Treaties, United Kingdom, Withholding Taxes

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /Leave a comment

The recent English Court of Appeal decision in Hargreaves Property Holdings Ltd v HMRC [2024] EWCA Civ 365 http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2024/365.html  has again examined the meaning of beneficial ownership and the related expression “beneficially entitled” in UK domestic tax law. It follows shortly after the Tax Court of Canada decision in Husky Energy Energy Inc. v The…

Abuse of law, Abuse of rights, Anti-tax avoidance, Beneficial ownership, Canada, Dividends, Double Taxation, Finance, Financial transactions, GAAR, income tax, International Tax Law, Luxembourg, MLI, OECD, OECD MC Convention, Share Dealings, Tax Avoidance, Tax haven, Tax Treaties, Treaty shopping, Withholding Taxes

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /Leave a comment

In my previous blog I examined the Tax Court of Canada’s analysis of the meaning of beneficial ownership in tax treaties in Husky Energy Inc. v The King, 2023 TCC 167 in relation to stock or securities lending. This post examines the application of the General Anti-Avoidance Rule(GAAR) in Canada to the transactions. The facts…

Abuse of law, Anti-tax avoidance, Beneficial ownership, Canada, Direct taxation, Dividends, Double non-taxation, Double Taxation, DTA, Finance, Financial transactions, Holding company, International Tax Law, OECD, Tax Treaties, Treaty shopping, Withholding Taxes

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /2 Comments

Although the meaning of beneficial ownership in tax treaties first burst onto the scene in Indofood International Finance Ltd v JP Morgan Chase Bank N.A. London Branch [2006] EWCA Civ 158  and, for the first time in Canada in Prévost Car Inc. v R 2008 TCC 231, (affirmed 2009 FCA 57), its meaning and application…

Double Taxation, Shipping tax, Transportation

(Air Transport Association ) and (Air Transport Association)/ /Leave a comment

The UN Tax Committee is currently considering revising the UN Model Double Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries[1], particularly Article 8 (Alternative B), which relates to International Shipping and Air Transport. The proposal[2], which was released earlier this year, suggests abandoning the current fiscal framework – i.e., international air traffic income being exclusively taxed…

Administrative Co-operation, Double Taxation, ECHR, EU, Exchange of Informaion, International Tax Law, OECD, Rule of law, Tax Treaties, United Kingdom, United States

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /1 Comment

It has been 60 years since publication of the OECD 1963 Draft Double Taxation Convention on Income and Capital. That model has provided the core and structure of all subsequent model double tax treaties published by the OECD, the UN and some states. During this period the number of bilateral tax treaties has grown exponentially….

BEPS, Competition, Double Taxation, Intertax, State Aid

(General Editor of Intertax)/ /Leave a comment
Intertax

We are happy to inform you that the latest issue of the journal is now available and includes the following contributions:   Leonie Fischer, Jessica M. Müller & Christoph Spengel, The Distorting Effects of Imputation Systems on Tax Competition in the EU The design of corporate income tax systems and thus the taxation of (cross-border)…

CJEU, Double Taxation, DTA, Dual VAT, ECJ, Financial institutions, Financial services, Fixed establishment, Indirect taxation, International Tax Law, Pensions, Permanent Establishments, Physical presence, Place of Supply, Place of taxation, Tax Treaties, United Nations, VAT, VAT grouping

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /Leave a comment
PVD article 44

Territorial connection (or its more fashionable name “nexus”) for tax purposes is expressed in a variety of ways in domestic and international legal instruments. Permanent establishment in article 5 of the Model treaties and “fixed base” in article 14 of the UN Model are central concepts in direct tax subject matter jurisdiction. Fixed establishment The…

Corporate income tax, Double Taxation, Finance, Financial institutions, Financial services, International Tax Law, Liability to tax, MLI, OECD, Permanent Establishments, POEM, Residence, Rule of law, Tax Treaties, United Kingdom, United Nations, United States

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /1 Comment

G E Financial Investments Limited v HMRC [2021] UKFTT 210 (TC)  raised central aspects of the interpretation of double tax treaties. My previous blogs considered the corporate residence  under article 4(1) of the UK-US Double Tax Treaty and the existence of a permanent establishment under article 5(1) of the treaty. The First-tier Tribunal decided that…

Corporate income tax, Dispute resolution, Double Taxation, India, International Tax Law, OECD, Permanent Establishments, Physical presence, Place of taxation, Tax Treaties, United Kingdom, United States

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /3 Comments
Delaware law, habitual exercise

Last month my blog discussed the questions relating to corporate residence and article 4(1) of the UK-US Double Tax Treaty raised in G E Financial Investments v HMRC  [2021] UKFTT 210 (TC). This month the focus is on the permanent establishment issues. The case concerned a complex financing structure General Electric Company group. The taxpayer,…

Canada, Corporate income tax, Double Taxation, International Tax Law, MAPs and APAs, MNEs, OECD, Permanent Establishments, Residence, Tax Treaties, United Kingdom, United States

(Temple Tax Chambers; King’s College London)/ /2 Comments

When is a taxpayer a resident of a contracting state for purposes of a tax treaty? The decades old definition in article 4(1) of the OECD Model that ‘“resident of a Contracting State” means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place…