“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, ” it means just what I choose it to mean, neither more nor less.” (Lewis Carroll, Alice through the Looking Glass) Prior to the OECD’s 10 year project on attribution of profits to permanent establishments, there were very few reported cases on…

Reader in Tax Law, King’s College London (Autumn 2024) The past 30 June 2024 was anticipated to be a historic moment. Inclusive Framework’s (IF) countries, both developed and developing, were expected to publicly commit to a crucial element of the “global tax deal” by signing the Multilateral Convention (MLC) for the OECD Pillar One. Expectations…

What is the current Tax Framework under the UN Model for Taxation of International Shipping and Airline-related income? The current version of the United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries (“UN Model 2021”)[1] offers two alternatives under Article 8. Alternative A aligns with the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and…